Last Tested: Feb 4, 2019
Indirectly yes, example in Looker Docs here.
The trick is to use "hide no's from visualization". This requires you to have your "filter condition" as a boolean table calc.
Note that this isn't actually filtering in the SQL clause, and that this will only work on result sets with 5000 rows or less. There is a feature request for allowing a result set filter based on table calcs.
This content is subject to limited support.
Do you know if there are any plans to update this functionality?
It would be great to be able to create dashboards/looks using merged views and be able to filter on the non-primary view